How to strengthen the environmental management of poultry breeding

Whether the environmental protection of livestock and poultry farms is good or not is related to the safety and quality of livestock products and the impact on the surrounding environment.

To this end, two aspects of work should be done: one is to prevent livestock and poultry farms from becoming a source of pollution to the surrounding environment, causing public hazards to livestock, which mainly refers to the proper treatment of animal feces and litter, sewage and sick animal carcasses; It is to prevent the livestock and poultry farms from being polluted by the surrounding environment, which mainly refers to avoiding pollution sources such as waste water, waste gas, waste residues from surrounding factories, fertilizers, pesticides, and domestic sewage in agriculture when selecting sites.

1 Sources of environmental pollution in livestock and poultry farms 1.1 Air pollution The industrial "three wastes" contain high concentrations of sulfur dioxide, hydrogen fluoride and other harmful gases, which seriously pollute the air. Once livestock and poultry live in this environment, they can cause disease.

1.2 Soil pollution Pesticides, water pollutants and air pollutants will pollute the soil. Once livestock and poultry eat forage on contaminated land, they can cause food poisoning and harmful microorganism infections.

1.3 Water source pollution Industrial wastewater, domestic sewage, agricultural sewage and air pollutants are the main sources of water pollution.

Water cannot be drunk if polluted; contamination by pathogenic microorganisms can cause the spread and prevalence of certain infectious diseases; contamination by toxic and harmful substances can cause animal poisoning, etc.

1.4 Pollution of wastes in production Pollution caused by wastes caused by livestock and poultry excrement, litter, sewage, dead livestock and poultry corpses, etc., cannot be treated in time, or caused by improper treatment.

2 The harm of environmental pollution in livestock and poultry farms Environmental pollution directly endangers the health of animals, which can hinder the growth, development, reproduction, and productivity of livestock and poultry, and cause various diseases and deaths.

Contaminants accumulate in animals or enter animal products, which can directly endanger human health.

3 Environmental protection measures for livestock and poultry farms 3.1 Scientific planning.

Standardized construction 3.1.1 Scientific site selection Sites should be built on high dry, well-drained, sunny and leeward, flat and slightly sloped sites; the terrain should be open and tidy to facilitate overall planning and layout.

The soil is preferably sandy loam, which is conducive to maintaining a relatively dry state and can prevent the survival and reproduction of microorganisms, parasite eggs, etc.; sufficient water source, good water quality, not polluted by the surrounding environment, convenient access, and low equipment investment; livestock farms should be installed In the downwind direction of the residential area, the distance should be more than 300~500m, and the distance from the main traffic line should be no less than 100~300m; it should be far away from the pollution source of the processing industry; it must have a reliable power supply.

3.1.2 A well-arranged livestock and poultry farm should be composed of management area, living area, forage area, production area, manure treatment area, livestock and poultry observation area, sick animal isolation observation and treatment area, and carcass harmless treatment area. And other functional areas.

The functional areas should be relatively independent and coordinated.

The management area, living area, and forage area should be located at the upwind of the site; the livestock and poultry observation area, manure treatment area, and sick animal isolation observation and treatment area should be located at the downwind of the site; the corpse innocuous treatment area should be located At the outlet of the main wind direction all year round in the field, and 4 O∞m away from the field.

3.1.3 Standard construction The construction of the livestock house construction framework, lighting, ventilation, heat preservation and cooling facilities must be designed and constructed in accordance with relevant requirements to meet the best environmental conditions for the growth and production of livestock and poultry.

3.2 Properly dispose of production waste.

Maintain good environmental quality 3.

2.1 Promptly dispose of excretion wastes such as livestock and poultry manure, litter, etc. Excretion wastes such as manure, litter, etc. produced by livestock and poultry should be regularly cleaned out of livestock and poultry pens and stacked in the manure treatment area for timely disposal, and Take advantage of it.

The animal’s excrement and litter can be composted and decomposed. The bioheat produced by it can kill bacteria and parasite eggs, and can provide high-quality organic fertilizer; because the animal’s feces contain useful nitrogen-containing compounds and trace amounts Elements, vitamins, etc., can be used as feed for cattle, sheep, fish, pigs, etc., but must be processed and controlled before feeding; animal excrement and bedding are used as raw materials for biogas production to produce biogas , Turn waste into treasure, save energy, use biogas night and biogas residue to fertilizer fields, and achieve the purpose of improving the environmental sanitation of livestock farms. 3.2.2 Strictly control the production of sewage during production, and timely treatment and reuse must be strictly controlled The amount of sewage produced in the livestock and poultry farms reduces unnecessary pollution and waste.

Generally, the sewage produced by livestock farms can be purified by sedimentation (natural sedimentation or coagulation sedimentation), filtration, decomposition and other methods to be used as production water and recycled, which can reduce environmental pollution and save a lot of water.

Coagulation sedimentation is a sewage treatment method often used in livestock and poultry farms. It refers to the addition of coagulant with coagulation ability into the water, such as alum, aluminum sulfate, ferrous sulfate, etc., to make very small suspended solids in the water and Colloidal particles condense into flocs to accelerate precipitation.

The production wastewater of livestock and poultry farms must be further treated if they are reused for drinking.

3.3 Improve the environmental greening of livestock and poultry farms.

Purifying and beautifying the environment and greening of the farm area can not only change the natural appearance of the livestock farm and change the environment, but also help reduce the escape of odor in the farm, reduce air particles and micro-organisms, reduce external noise, and reduce the pollution of harmful gases to the livestock and poultry farms.

Greening plays a role in improving the microclimate of the field and purifying the air.

3.3.1 Planting street trees and planting green lawns In order to create a comfortable and comfortable microclimate environment, some poplars, willows and other tree-shaped trees with relatively large crowns should be planted around the livestock and poultry farms and on both sides of the road. Green lawns are planted in vacant areas of the field, which can not only beautify the green environment, but also clean the air in the field and the surrounding environment, and reduce the pollution of harmful gases.

3.4 Control of noise hazards Livestock and poultry production requires a quiet environment, and the site and surrounding environment should be kept free of noise pollution to reduce noise hazards to animals.

3.5 Establish an environmental protection supervision, inspection and evaluation mechanism for breeding farms. In order to enhance producers’ awareness of production safety, product quality and environmental protection, and ensure that livestock and poultry products are produced safely and the surrounding environment is not polluted, administrative law enforcement departments at all levels must strengthen the supervision of livestock Environmental quality and safety supervision, inspection and management of poultry farms, and a sound environmental protection supervision, inspection and evaluation constraint mechanism for livestock and poultry farms has been established to ensure the safe and healthy development of livestock and poultry farms.