1. Site selection: 300-500 broiler chickens can be raised in the courtyard, but other poultry such as laying hens, ducks, and geese cannot be raised in the courtyard at this time, so as to prevent other poultry diseases from spreading to the broilers.
A. When the breeding scale is expanded to more than 1,000, they should be moved outside the village to avoid mutual infection of chicken flocks in the village. In order to facilitate management, several families can be jointly raised outside the village, but the combined scale should not be too large, generally no more than 20,000, and the chicks must be brought in together, adopting all-in and all-out breeding methods, and unified epidemic prevention management.
B. The site should be located in a place with high dry terrain and sunny leeward wind, and the chicken house should be south or south east to facilitate ventilation in summer or heat preservation in winter.
C. It should be far away from other farms, the distance should not be less than 5 kilometers, and the distance from the road should not be less than 100 meters.
D. The ground has a certain slope to facilitate the discharge of sewage and rainwater.
2, chicken coop requirements
The structure and materials used in the broiler house are directly related to the strength and convenience of the environmental control ability in the house, and to a large extent determine the success or failure of broiler breeding. The broiler house must be designed, constructed or improved according to the characteristics of broiler production.
broiler house should generally meet the following conditions:
(1) The broiler house should have considerable thermal insulation performance
A. Broiler production is basically a brooding process, which requires a higher and more stable temperature. In order to improve the utilization rate of feed in the later stage of growth, the house temperature must be maintained at about 20°C.
B. Broiler chickens after 40 days of age are not tolerant to high temperature. The high temperature in summer affects growth and is easy to die from heat stroke. In the building, we must consider the thermal insulation capacity, especially the roof structure, and we must try to reduce the entry of solar radiant heat in summer.
(2) The broiler house should have quite good ventilation capacity
In the later stage of broiler breeding, the main method of environmental control in the house is ventilation, and the breeding characteristics of broiler chickens on the ground should also be considered. Regardless of whether natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation is adopted, the entire ground must maintain a uniform airflow at a certain speed. Mechanical longitudinal ventilation is a relatively advanced method. When natural ventilation is adopted, a skylight with a diameter of 50cm can be installed on the top of the bay to discharge exhaust gas from the top. In addition to ordinary windows, a floor window with a height of 50cm and a width of about 70cm should be set close to the ground at the front and rear of each bay to facilitate the ventilation of the broiler space on the ground. The windows should be installed with wire mesh to prevent rats and wild birds.
(3) The design of the broiler house must also facilitate disinfection and epidemic prevention
Disease prevention is an important part of raising broilers. According to the production characteristics of all-in and all-out broiler raising, the chicken house must be easy to wash and disinfect. The foundation of the chicken house should be more than 25cm higher than the natural ground, and the house should have a slope of 2-3%. If possible, it should be made of cement. The roof and walls should be flat, as far as possible to reduce the place where dust, bacteria and other dirt are easy to deposit. There needs to be 25-30cm deep drainage ditch around the outside of the house and it needs to be hardened.
If the broiler house can meet the environmental needs of controlling microorganisms, meet the environmental requirements of early brooding and late growth, and overcome the impact of day and night temperature differences and seasonal changes on the environment in the house, the successful breeding of broilers will no longer be difficult.
3. Introduction of simple broiler house
Judging from the above requirements for broiler houses, chicken houses are not as simple as possible, and require a certain amount of investment. Only on the basis of meeting the basic conditions for broiler growth can we consider reducing the investment in the chicken house. In North China, plastic greenhouses are used to raise broiler chickens. It is quite difficult in summer and winter. Although plastic sheds have a small one-time investment, their service life is very short. It may not be economical to produce hairy chickens based on unit investment, so improvements are needed. .
Simple chicken coop can have a span of about 7 meters, the eaves height is 1.8-2 meters, the top height is about 3.8 meters, and the length is 15 meters per 1,000 chickens. The roof can be covered with a 4 cm thick foam board, so that it can keep warm in winter and insulate in summer. The north wall can be made of bricks to form a single wall, and a ventilation window with a height of 50 cm and a width of 70 cm is installed under the wall of each bay. The ventilating window does not have a window frame, and becomes a flower wall. In the early stage of brooding, bricks can be used to block the ventilating window of the flower wall. In the cold season, the outside of the wall can be covered with plastic sheeting. The south wall can be replaced with double-layer plastic cloth, and the distance between the two layers of plastic cloth is 25-30 cm. During the initial stage of brooding, open the upper part of the inner plastic sheet and the lower part of the outer plastic sheet to form a vent. The area of the vent can be gradually increased as the age increases. If necessary, the plastic sheet can be completely removed and only blocked by a net. The house can be heated with a kang or a flue, and the fire can be set on the outside of the north wall.
