the preventive measures of poultry diseases

With the development of China’s society and economy, people’s living standards have been significantly improved. People are no longer satisfied with basic food, clothing, housing and transportation, and then pursue a healthy lifestyle, healthy food, etc., which directly leads to poultry breeding. The rapid development of the industry has evolved from traditional decentralized and family-based breeding to the current centralized and large-scale breeding. The health of poultry directly affects the income of farmers and the development of the country’s animal husbandry economy. Therefore, we must Pay attention to the impact of common poultry diseases on poultry. This is to understand the clinical phenomena and causes of poultry common diseases, as well as the measures to prevent these common diseases.

A. Status and causes of common diseases in poultry
The current animal husbandry in our country is characterized by centralized and large-scale. Through the author’s investigation and research and work experience, the following common poultry diseases have been summarized: fever, heat stress, coccidia infection, Marek’s disease, infectious cerebrospinal cord Inflammation, Newcastle disease, rhinitis, cough, pneumonia, poisoning, dermatitis, anemia, tuberculosis and other common diseases. Many farmers cannot accurately judge the disease of poultry due to lack of corresponding professional knowledge. Of course, they do not know why poultry suffers. Suffer from such diseases. Epidemic infections often lead to direct economic losses for breeders. For example, the spread of African swine fever last year caused many pigs to die of swine fever, which brought great losses to breeders and the country. There are many reasons why poultry suffer from common diseases. During the visit, the author found that the main reasons are: 1. The breeding environment is poor. Since many poultry require a lot of breeding space, many farms are built in rural areas, which leads to poultry. The breeding environment is messy and poor, and the poultry excrement in many farms is piled up in the corners, which will cause the growth of bacteria. Poultry are very susceptible to bacterial infections and suffer from skin diseases or respiratory diseases; Second, the way to deal with dead poultry Incorrect. In the process of research, it was discovered that some breeders dispose of dead poultry everywhere and even sell it directly. This will not only affect other healthy poultry, but may also threaten human life and health. For example, discarded everywhere, the decay of poultry carcasses will breed bacteria and emit peculiar smells, which not only affects the living environment, but also poses a huge health threat to surrounding humans and poultry; 3. No preventive measures are taken for poultry, and some are kept. After the farms buy poultry cubs, they raise them at will or only take the most basic drug prevention. This leads to poor resistance to changes in the external environment during the raising process, and is prone to disease, and may even lead to the occurrence of plague.

B. Clinical phenomena of common poultry diseases
1. coccidia infection
Poultry infected with coccidia will drink a lot of water in the early stage of infection. Experienced breeders will measure the temperature of the breeding environment to rule out the heat stress response of the poultry caused by the high temperature of the breeding environment. After drinking a lot of water caused by environmental factors, you can determine whether the poultry is infected with coccidia by observing the feces of the poultry. The feces of the poultry after being infected by the coccidia appear red, accompanied by loose feathers, inactivity, and so on. If the above symptoms occur, take a small amount of intestinal solution for microscopic examination to determine whether the poultry is infected. If it is infected, you need to mix 8 grams of salinomycin with 100 grams of feed and then feed it separately until the poultry recovers.
2. Marek's disease
Marek’s disease is a disease of various conditions, such as neurological and visceral, and it is easier to observe. First of all, you can pay attention to the gait of the poultry when raising it. If the gait of the poultry fluctuates from left to right, the gait is erratic or uncoordinated, or it is directly paralyzed, you must consider neuropathy when one foot is in front and the other is behind. Marek’s disease, which is more neurogenic in the cubs, is an acute disease with a higher fatality rate. Dirty is characterized by dim feathers, listlessness, unwillingness to eat, limb paralysis, and finally death of organ failure. Prevent Marek The main purpose of the disease is to ensure the cleanliness of the breeding environment through insecticide and ventilation.
  pneumonia
Fever occurs first after poultry is infected with pneumonia. The body's stress response will cause poultry to drink a lot of water, reduce their body temperature through drinking water, and it will also be accompanied by symptoms such as cough and difficulty breathing. Pneumonia can be caused by many reasons. It may be that the respiratory tract infection virus enters the lungs. The cause may also be caused by a cold. This requires the breeding staff to analyze the specific conditions to determine the specific cause, mainly to prevent the cold and warm changes in the environment. The large change in the temperature of the breeding environment causes the poultry to get sick and eventually suffer from pneumonia. At the same time, pay attention to the breeding. The disinfection of the environment can also effectively reduce the chance of poultry suffering from pneumonia by killing bacteria that can cure diseases in time.
3. chicken pox
Fowlpox is an acute and contact infectious disease. The disease is characterized by the occurrence of acne on the skin of chickens or the appearance of necrotic pseudomembrane in the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. It is divided into dry and moist fowl pox. Or hairless places occur frequently, the fatality rate of the disease is not high, and usually disappear within 2-7 weeks, but the egg production rate of chickens will be reduced during the diseased period. The disease is mainly caused by mosquito bites plus moisture or The dry environment causes chicken pox, which may also be caused by a virus, but the probability is very low and the transmission is very poor. In order to prevent chicken pox, it is necessary for the breeder to do a good job of killing insects for the chicken coop at ordinary times. Clean up the excrement of poultry to prevent the breeding of mosquitoes, and do a good job of ventilation to keep the chicken house environment comfortable. There are also immunizations for poultry.
4. Avian Influenza
Avian influenza is divided into acute septic type, acute respiratory type, and atypical. The main symptoms of acute septic avian influenza are high depression, gasping, runny nose, cyanosis of the crown, head and neck swelling, and acute death; acute respiratory tract The main manifestations of type avian influenza include runny nose, shortness of breath, coughing and sneezing, and diarrhea. The fatality rate of this type is not high; atypical avian influenza is mainly manifested as coughing, wheezing and diarrhea. The egg production rate is greatly reduced, and the fatality rate is not high. high. However, avian influenza is highly contagious. For prevention, drug prevention can be selected as the main prevention method, and other preventive methods are supplemented by prevention methods. After avian influenza occurs, breeders must promptly handle diseased poultry to avoid large-scale infection.

C. Preventive measures against common diseases in poultry

1. Improve the cleaning of the breeding environment
Through the above analysis, we can find that the occurrence of common diseases is basically related to the good breeding environment. Therefore, in order to prevent common diseases of poultry, it is necessary to maintain a good breeding environment. First, the excrement of poultry must be treated in time to prevent bacteria and mosquitoes. In order to breed, we must deal with the dead poultry in time. The dead poultry's carcass cannot be discarded at will. According to the specific situation, choose deep burial or burial after incineration to cut off the source of infection of the virus, and timely ventilation to ensure the temperature of the breeding environment. Poultry are not easy to get sick if they are in a healthy environment. We must also do a good job of killing insects. If the excrement of poultry is not treated in time, it should be treated in time to make up for the harm to the environment.

2. Increase the purchase of pups' disease immunization efforts
After purchasing poultry cubs, management personnel should not only take basic preventive measures because of troubles, but increase the vaccinations for the cubs, and timely vaccinate the purchased cubs against common diseases such as chickenpox vaccine and avian flu vaccine. A well-combined environment will have a huge impact on the survival rate of the cubs and reduce the economic losses of the breeders.

3. Strengthen professional skills training for breeders
During my visit, I found that many breeders have graduated from elementary school or junior high school and lack the corresponding professional knowledge. This is also one of the important factors for poultry diseases. Many diseases can be detected early, isolated and treated early. Management personnel lack the corresponding professional knowledge and cannot determine the type of poultry disease through the clinical manifestations of the poultry or cannot determine whether the poultry is diseased. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the training of the management personnel on the clinical manifestations of poultry diseases. The clinical manifestations of the poultry can be used to determine whether the poultry is sick and what kind of disease it is suffering from, so as to prevent the spread of the disease in time.

4. Strengthen the innovation of cultivation methods and improve the disease resistance of poultry
For poultry that are often sick, breeders should appropriately change the breeding method to determine whether the disease rate of poultry has increased due to improper breeding methods. For example, the original breeding method is to feed 500 grams of pure feed, then it can be appropriate according to the clinical manifestations of the poultry disease. Reduce the amount of feed, add vitamins, proteins and other substances to the feed to improve the disease resistance of poultry.